ALTERAÇÕES HEMATOLÓGICAS NA COVID-19
UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA
Palavras-chave:
Alterações hematológicas, Covid-19, HemogramaResumo
O vírus causador da covid-19, SARS-CoV-2 da família Coronaviridae, apresenta como foco principal de comprometimento o trato respiratório, ocasionando quadros de pneumonia atípica na população. Além disso, a infecção sistêmica pelo vírus também pode desencadear patologias hepáticas, neurológicas, gastrointestinais e hematológicas. No curso da doença, podem ser observadas alterações na série branca, vermelha e plaquetária, tais como neutrofilia, eosinopenia, trombocitopenia e anemia. Desta forma, a análise de parâmetros hematológicos pode ser útil para complementar dados sobre o prognóstico da covid-19. Portanto, o presente estudo objetivou analisar as principais alterações hematológicas relacionadas à covid-19 através de uma revisão bibliográfica. Para tanto, foi realizada uma revisão integrativa a partir de artigos originais publicados na íntegra entre janeiro de 2020 e maio de 2022, na língua portuguesa e inglesa, disponíveis nas bases de dados PubMed, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), e Google Acadêmico. Foram selecionados 26 artigos, a partir dos quais foi possível observar que a maioria dos pacientes caracterizados com a covid-19 mais grave desenvolveram alterações hematológicas importantes. Tais alterações incluem a diminuição significativa de linfócitos e plaquetas, assim como o aumento nas contagens de neutrófilos e leucócitos. Além disso, verificou-se que a idade avançada, bem como a presença de comorbidades, foram fatores importantes relacionados ao desfecho final do paciente. A maior taxa de mortalidade foi relacionada às alterações na série branca, onde se observou um total de 560 óbitos nos estudos selecionados e destes, 12,9% dos pacientes apresentavam comorbidades. Desta forma, foi possível verificar que as alterações hematológicas são frequentes na infecção pelo SARS-CoV-2, contribuindo com o prognóstico e situação clínica do paciente. Com isso, constata-se a importância de uma avaliação minuciosa, contínua e aprofundada dos desses parâmetros em pacientes com covid-19 no início e durante a evolução da doença.
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